When was fibre optic cable invented

Corning's extensive work with fiber, coupled with Siemen's cabling technology, helped launch a new era in optical fiber cable and associated products. Today, Siecor is a world leader in the manufacturing of fiber optic cabling system products for voice, data and video communications applications.

In its simplest form fiber optics is a medium for carrying information from one point to another in the form of light. Unlike the copper form of transmission, fiber optics is not electrical in nature. A basic fiber optic system consists of 1 a transmitting device, which generates the light signal 2 an optical fiber cable, which carries the light and 3 a receiver, which accepts the light signal transmitted.

The fiber itself is passive and does not contain any active, generative properties. The low attenuation and superior signal integrity found in optical systems allow much longer intervals of signal transmission than copper-based systems.

While single-line, voice-grade copper systems longer than a couple of kilometers 1. Emerging technologies promise even greater distances in the future. While today's applications require an ever-increasing amount of bandwidth, it is important to consider the space constraints on many end users.

It is commonplace to install new cabling within existing duct systems. The relatively small diameter and light weight of fiber cables make such installations easy and practical and saves valuable conduit space in these environments. Long, continuous lengths also provide advantages for installers and end users. Small diameters make it practical to manufacture and install much longer lengths than for copper cables. In fact 12 kilometer continuous fiber optic cable lengths are common. Multimode cable lengths can be four kilometers or more, although most standards require a maximum length of 2km or less.

The history of fiber optic cables actually dates back to the mids. It was a huge development. The U. Two years later, the first telephone communication system using fiber optic cables was created in Chicago. And fiber optics grew from there. This was achieved through doping silica glass with titanium. Also in , Morton Panish and Izuo Hayashi of Bell Laboratories, along with a group from the Ioffe Physical Institute in Leningrad, demonstrated a semiconductor diode laser capable of emitting continuous waves at room temperature.

In , Bell Laboratories developed a modified chemical vapor deposition process that heats chemical vapors and oxygen to form ultra-transparent glass that can be mass-produced into low-loss optical fiber.

This process still remains the standard for fiber-optic cable manufacturing. The first non-experimental fiber-optic link was installed by the Dorset UK police in Two years later, the first live telephone traffic through fiber optics occurs in Long Beach, California. In the late s and early s, telephone companies began to use fibers extensively to rebuild their communications infrastructure.

Sprint was founded on the first nationwide, percent digital, fiber-optic network in the mids. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which reduced the cost of long-distance fiber systems by eliminating the need for optical-electrical-optical repeaters, was invented in by David Payne of the University of Southampton and Emmanuel Desurvire at Bell Labratories.

In , Desurvire and Payne demonstrated optical amplifiers that were built into the fiber-optic cable itself. The all-optic system could carry times more information than cable with electronic amplifiers. Also in , photonic crystal fiber was developed. This fiber guides light by means of diffraction from a periodic structure rather then total internal reflection which allows power to be carried more efficiently then with conventional fibers therefore improving performance. Participation is optional.

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